How Much Water Should You
Drink Per Day?

The most accurate way to work out your daily water intake is based on your body weight — not a generic "8 glasses" rule. Here's the formula, a chart, and how to adjust for your lifestyle.

Reviewed by Sarah Mitchell, BSc Nutrition · Last updated: July 2026

The Formula: Water Intake by Weight

The most widely used method for calculating daily water needs is based on body weight. The standard guideline used by most dietitians is:

Metric: 35 ml × body weight (kg) per day
Imperial: 0.5 oz × body weight (lb) per day

So a person weighing 70 kg needs approximately 2,450 ml (2.45 litres) of water per day under normal conditions. This increases with exercise, heat, and other factors covered below.

For a personalised calculation that factors in your activity level and climate, use our Water Intake Calculator — it takes about 30 seconds.

Daily Water Intake Chart by Weight

The table below shows baseline daily water needs by body weight using the 35 ml/kg formula. These are minimum targets for sedentary adults in a temperate climate.

Body Weight Daily Water (litres) Daily Water (fl oz) Approx. glasses (250ml)
50 kg / 110 lb1.75 L59 fl oz7 glasses
55 kg / 121 lb1.93 L65 fl oz8 glasses
60 kg / 132 lb2.10 L71 fl oz8–9 glasses
65 kg / 143 lb2.28 L77 fl oz9 glasses
70 kg / 154 lb2.45 L83 fl oz10 glasses
75 kg / 165 lb2.63 L89 fl oz10–11 glasses
80 kg / 176 lb2.80 L95 fl oz11 glasses
85 kg / 187 lb2.98 L101 fl oz12 glasses
90 kg / 198 lb3.15 L107 fl oz12–13 glasses
100 kg / 220 lb3.50 L118 fl oz14 glasses

💡 These figures are for total fluid intake, including water from food (roughly 20% of daily intake for most people). If you eat a lot of fruit and vegetables, your drinking water target is slightly lower.

Why "8 Glasses a Day" Is Outdated

The popular advice to drink 8 glasses (about 2 litres) of water a day has no strong scientific backing for everyone. A person weighing 50 kg has meaningfully different fluid needs from someone weighing 100 kg. The 8-glasses rule was never based on body weight and doesn't account for activity level, climate, or diet.

Weight-based calculations are more accurate and are what most clinical dietitians use in practice.

How to Adjust for Activity and Climate

The formula above is a baseline for sedentary adults in a cool or temperate climate. Real-world needs are often higher.

FactorAdditional water needed
Light exercise (30–60 min)Add 350–500 ml
Intense exercise (60+ min)Add 500–1,000 ml
Warm/humid climate (e.g. Malaysia, Singapore)Add 500 ml
Hot or very humid conditionsAdd 750–1,000 ml
PregnancyAdd 300 ml
BreastfeedingAdd 700 ml

If you live in a tropical climate like Malaysia or Singapore, your baseline need is already higher than someone in the UK or Canada. A 65 kg person in Kuala Lumpur doing moderate exercise may need close to 3 litres per day.

Water Intake by Age

Age affects hydration needs in a few ways. Older adults have a reduced sense of thirst, meaning they become dehydrated before they feel it. Kidney function also declines with age, making adequate hydration more important for kidney health.

Age GroupNotes
18–30Standard formula applies. Thirst mechanism reliable.
31–50Standard formula applies. Monitor intake during exercise.
51–65Drink on a schedule — don't rely solely on thirst.
65+Higher dehydration risk. Aim for upper end of formula range.

Signs You Are Not Drinking Enough

The simplest indicator of hydration status is urine colour. Pale yellow is ideal. Dark yellow or amber means you need more water. Other signs of insufficient intake include fatigue, headaches, difficulty concentrating, and dry skin.

Does Coffee or Tea Count?

Yes — despite the common belief that caffeine causes dehydration, moderate coffee and tea consumption (up to 3–4 cups per day) contributes to daily fluid intake. The mild diuretic effect of caffeine does not offset the fluid gained. Plain water is still the best choice, but coffee and tea do count toward your total.

Practical Tips to Hit Your Daily Target

Knowing your target is one thing. Reaching it consistently is another. A few approaches that work:

Factors That Increase Your Water Needs

The 35 ml/kg baseline is for a sedentary adult at moderate temperature. Several factors increase daily water needs significantly:

FactorAdditional water neededNotes
Moderate exercise (1 hour)500–750 mlDrink before, during, and after
Intense exercise / heat750–1,500 mlReplace sweat losses; electrolytes needed if >90 min
Hot climate / summer500–1,000 ml extraSweat losses increase in high ambient temperatures
Pregnancy+300 ml/dayPer NHS/WHO guidance
Breastfeeding+500–700 ml/daySignificant fluid lost through breast milk
High-protein or high-fibre diet+250–500 mlProtein metabolism requires more water; fibre absorbs water
Alcohol consumption+250 ml per drinkAlcohol is a diuretic; reduces net fluid retention
High altitude (>2,500m)+500–1,000 mlIncreased respiration rate accelerates water loss

FAQ: Water Intake and Hydration

Yes — despite common belief, caffeinated drinks like coffee and tea do count toward your daily fluid intake. Research shows that moderate caffeine consumption (up to 400 mg/day — about 4 cups of coffee) does not cause net dehydration in regular coffee drinkers. The mild diuretic effect of caffeine is offset by the volume of water in the drink. That said, very high caffeine intake can increase fluid losses, and caffeine sensitivity varies. It is still sensible to drink plain water as the majority of your daily fluid intake.
The "8 glasses a day" rule (approximately 2 litres) is a rough population average that has no specific scientific basis as a universal target. The origin is often traced to a 1945 US Food and Nutrition Board recommendation that was widely misinterpreted. Actual needs vary significantly by body weight, climate, activity level, and diet. For a 60 kg sedentary person, 8 glasses may be adequate. For an 80 kg person exercising in a hot climate, it may be significantly insufficient. Weight-based calculation (35 ml/kg) is more accurate for most adults.
Urine colour is the most practical real-world indicator of hydration status. Pale straw yellow (like lemonade) indicates good hydration. Bright or dark yellow indicates mild-to-moderate dehydration. Clear urine may indicate over-hydration. Other signs of adequate hydration include infrequent thirst, normal energy levels, and urinating 4–8 times per day. Urine colour is affected by vitamins (B vitamins cause bright yellow regardless of hydration) and some foods (beetroot causes pink/red). Use our Water Intake Calculator for a personalised daily target.

⚠️ This guide is for general informational purposes. People with kidney disease, heart failure, or other conditions affecting fluid balance should follow their doctor's specific guidance, which may differ from standard recommendations.

References:
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Dietary Reference Values for Water. EFSA Journal, 2010.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. National Academies Press, 2005.
Popkin BM et al. Water, Hydration and Health. Nutrition Reviews, 2010.

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📚 Sources & Editorial Standards Based on guidelines from EFSA, the Institute of Medicine, and peer-reviewed nutrition research. For informational purposes only — not medical advice.

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